HMS Rawalpindi





Today is the day in 1939 that HMS Rawalpindi was sunk by Nazi German battle cruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau. The brief battle has gone down in naval history as an incredible display of bravery on the part of the Rawalpindi's crew. After trying to hide themselves from the Germans in the North Atlantic fog south of Iceland, they were ordered to surrender by the Scharnhorst. In response, the captain of the Rawalpindi said: never. And he fired a shell at the Scharnhorst and the Gneisenau to underline his point. Bear in mind that the Rawalpindi was a converted passenger liner, kitted out with a gun and some armour plating. The Scharnhorst had to reply in kind, and sank the Rawalpindi. The bravery was noted by the German admiralty (sic!). All but 37 of the Rawalpindi's crew were lost in the sinking. Their sacrifice was not in vain; before battle commenced, the Rawalpindi had been able to signal the position of the German battlecruisers to back to base on the Clyde, and an armada of British warships was heading north to intercept. More on this story here.



In a separate blogpost in 2008, the following information transpired:

Rawalpindi was an Armed Merchant Cruiser, converted from a passenger liner by adding 10 pieces of gunnery. While patrolling north of the Faroe Islands on November 23, 1939, she investigated a possible enemy sighting, only to find that she had encountered two of the most powerful German warships, the battlecruisers Scharnhorst and Gneisenau trying to break out into the Atlantic. The Rawalpindi was able to signal the German ships' location back to base. Despite being hopelessly outgunned, Captain EC Kennedy of the Rawalpindi decided to fight, rather than surrender as demanded by the Germans. The German warships returned fire and sank Rawalpindi within forty minutes. Two hundred and thirty eight men died, including Captain Kennedy. Thirty seven men were rescued by the German ships and a further 11 were picked up by HMS Chitral (another converted passenger ship). Captain Kennedy, the father of broadcaster and author Ludovic Kennedy, was posthumously Mentioned in Dispatches. A detailed account, from the perspective of the Scharnhorst, can be read here.



Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain spoke in the House of Commons afterwards: "These men might have known, as soon as they sighted the enemy, that there was no chance, but they had no thought of surrender. They fired their guns until they could be fired no more, and many went to their deaths in the great tradition of the Royal Navy. Their example will be an inspiration to thosse that come after them".



In spite of these fine words, and in spite of later German reports, captain Kennedy was 'merely' [not my words] mentioned in despatches, and the crew have not been posthumously rewarded for their bravery.



This entry is dedicated to the 238 that lost their lives that day, and to the bravery of all 276 crew.



A list of island casualties, all Royal Naval Reservists:

Seaman COLIN MACKAY

31 South Bragar

Aged 29



Leading Seaman MURDO MACKAY

Mac Choinnich Dhomhnuill Alais 'c Dhonnachaidh

53 Back

Son of Kenneth and Henrietta MacKay

Aged 33



Seaman DONALD SMITH JNR

Domhnall a'Bhard

52 North Tolsta

Son of Angus and Margaret Smith

Aged 19



Seaman DONALD MACARTHUR

Dollan Mhurchaidh Alasdair

10 Cromore

Aged 20



Seaman JOHN MACKENZIE

21 Swordale

Son of Mr. and Mrs. Donald MacKenzie

Aged 26



Seaman NORMAN MACLEOD

25 Swordale

Son of Donald and Mary Macleod

Aged 31



Seaman JOHN MURDO NICOLSON

39 Lower Bayble (also Marybank)

Son of John and Christina Nicholson; husband of Williamina

Aged 36



Petty Officer WILLIAM MACLEOD

14 Sheshader (also Marybank)

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